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ESG & Industrial Audit Glossary

A comprehensive reference of energy, safety, carbon, and ESG terminology used in industrial compliance.

Glossary of Terms

This glossary covers technical terms, standards, and acronyms commonly used in energy auditing, safety auditing, carbon footprinting, and ESG compliance in India.

A

ASME

American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Publishes pressure vessel and boiler safety standards referenced in industrial safety audits.

Audit Trail

Chronological record of all audit findings, decisions, and corrective actions taken. Required for ISO 50001 and ISO 45001 compliance.

B

BEE

Bureau of Energy Efficiency. Indian government agency under the Ministry of Power that certifies energy auditors and enforces mandatory energy audits for large consumers.

Bifurcated Billing

In energy audits, separating fixed charges from variable energy charges to identify savings opportunities.

E

EnMS (Energy Management System)

A system of continual improvement of energy performance based on ISO 50001 standard. Includes energy policy, review, action plans, and monitoring.

ESG

Environmental, Social, and Governance. The three pillars of sustainable business used in BRSR reporting and ESG investing frameworks.

F

Fire Load

The total amount of combustible material in a building or area, expressed in kcal/sq.m. Critical parameter for fire safety audit calculations.

G

GHG (Greenhouse Gas)

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Includes CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, HFCs, PFCs, SF₆, and NF₃. Measured in CO₂ equivalent (tCO₂e).

GRI

Global Reporting Initiative. The most widely used sustainability reporting framework, referenced in ESG and BRSR disclosures.

H

HAZOP

Hazard and Operability Study. A systematic technique to identify potential hazards in industrial processes by examining deviations from design intent.

HIRA

Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. A methodical approach to identifying workplace hazards and evaluating associated risks.

I

IECEE

IEC System for Conformity Testing and Certification. Relevant for electrical safety audit of equipment.

ISO 50001

International standard for energy management systems. Requires energy review, performance indicators, and continual improvement.

ISO 14001

International standard for environmental management systems. Focuses on environmental aspect identification, legal compliance, and impact reduction.

ISO 45001

International standard for occupational health and safety management systems. Replaces OHSAS 18001.

J

JSA (Job Safety Analysis)

A technique to decompose a job into steps and identify hazards and control measures for each step. Used in safety audits and risk assessments.

N

NBC (National Building Code)

The National Building Code of India. Contains fire safety provisions for building design, occupancy, and fire protection systems.

NFPA

National Fire Protection Association. US-based organization that publishes fire safety codes and standards (e.g., NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, NFPA 70E Electrical Safety).

P

PAT Cycle

Perform, Analyze, Take action — the three steps of the energy review process in ISO 50001 and BEE energy audit methodology.

PFFR

Primary Fire Fighting Response. A certification-level training program covering basic fire fighting techniques, extinguisher use, and emergency response. Required under factory fire safety regulations.

R

RTPY

Rights and Permit to Work System. A permit-based safety protocol for high-risk work activities (hot work, confined space entry, electrical work).

S

Scope 1, 2, 3 Emissions

Scope 1: Direct emissions from owned sources. Scope 2: Indirect emissions from purchased energy. Scope 3: All other indirect emissions in the value chain.

SGHG (Specific GHG Intensity)

Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of production. Key metric for carbon footprint assessment and reduction tracking.

T

Thermography

Infrared thermal imaging to detect heat anomalies in electrical systems, mechanical equipment, and building envelopes. Key tool for predictive maintenance and energy audits.

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